The oldest Mughal garden in India, Aram Bagh, is marked by its terraced layout and stone water channels that descend toward the Yamuna River. First laid out in fifteen twenty-six by the Emperor Babur, the garden was originally called…
Agra’s Historical Timeline
This journey traces the architectural and political evolution of the Mughal Empire in Agra. We follow the dynasty's historical timeline in order, from Babur's early garden to the grand monuments of Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.
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1. Aram Bagh
2. Humayun Mosque
The Humayun Mosque, also known as the Kachhpura Masjid, stands on the left bank of the Yamuna River in the village of Kachhpura. Its facade is distinguished by five arches, with the central one forming a high iwan.
3. Agra Fort
Agra Fort is identifiable by its massive, crescent-shaped walls of red sandstone that rise seventy feet high and stretch for one and a half miles along the banks of the Yamuna River. Commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in fifteen…
4. Fatehpur Sikri Fort
Fatehpur Sikri is defined by its extensive use of red sandstone, which gives the entire complex a uniform, deep-toned appearance as it rises above the surrounding plains. Built by the Mughal Emperor Akbar beginning in fifteen seventy-one,…
5. Tomb of Akbar
The tomb of the Mughal Emperor Akbar is defined by its unusual shape: a four-tiered, truncated pyramid constructed primarily of deep red sandstone. Unlike many other royal mausoleums of the period, the building lacks a dome. Instead, the…
6. Tomb of Mariam-UZ-Zamani
The Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani is a square red sandstone structure, set apart from other Mughal mausoleums by its lack of a central dome. Instead, the building is crowned by octagonal chhatris—small domed kiosks—at its four corners,…
7. Itmad-ud-Daula
The Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula is defined by its delicate, square form and pristine white marble facade, which stands in stark contrast to the red sandstone monuments that preceded it. Built between sixteen twenty-two and sixteen twenty-eight,…
8. Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum that rises from a raised platform on the banks of the Yamuna River. It is distinguished by a large central dome and four minarets positioned at the corners of the platform, all arranged with…
9. Shahi Jama Masjid Agra
The Shahi Jama Masjid stands as a massive expanse of red sandstone, elevated on a high podium that lifts it above the surrounding city streets. Its most distinctive feature is the set of three large, bulbous domes crowning the prayer hall,…