Hanauma Bay sits within a volcanic tuff ring formed about thirty-two thousand years ago when a series of steam-driven explosions erupted through the sea floor. Unlike the gentle lava flows that built much of the island, these violent eruptions shattered coral reefs and basalt, scattering debris that remains embedded in the crater walls today. Over time, wave erosion broke through the southeastern rim, creating the crescent-shaped opening that defines the bay.
Hanauma Bay
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